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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Aerial legacies of COVID-19
    Abstract. Based on examples taken from Switzerland, the paper offers an exploratory analysis of how the fight against COVID affected the societal relevance of the air, in its (1) elemental, (2) embodied, (3) affective, (4) socio-technical and (5) power-related dimensions. Together, these levels highlight the fact that the fight against COVID-19 increased the air's relevance as a focal point of societal concern and judgement and of competition and dispute, which in turn produced novel ways of ordering the air through legally, practically and materially defined geometries, internal structures, and contours. As the paper shows, these geometries of the air were and still are socio-politically produced in highly unequal ways. To date, they remain inherently pluralistic and as such fundamentally conflictual. The aerial legacies of COVID-19 are invested by various power relations that need critical attention. Over 150 years ago, the risks of waterborne diseases such as Cholera were tamed by the public provision of clean water. We argue that similar efforts are warranted to provide clean indoor air for all by removing the threats posed by airborne diseases such as COVID-19, influenza and tuberculosis … Our panel of scientific experts strongly recommends that the clean air needs of offices, schools, theaters, public buildings, and mass transportation systems be assessed and that measures be taken to ensure clean air in all indoor environments. (Expert group “Pandemic-proof buildings”, 2022:3) The preceding quote underscores the centrality of the issue of the air in the legacies of the fight against COVID-19. Aiming to perpetuate the lessons learnt from the respiratory disease, the quoted white paper asks for the development and implementation of a wide range of novel and/or improved air-related technological solutions whilst also suggesting, on a more general level, the establishment in Switzerland of a National Research Programme on “Clean air for pandemic-proof buildings” and the creation of an “Indoor air competence center” (Expert group “Pandemic-proof buildings”, 2022:4). The emerging post-pandemic policy agenda resonates with many other media-reported claims for long-term improvements of the indoor air quality in schools (Direction de la formation et des affaires culturelles, 2022; Eykelbosh, 2022), factories (Wirth, 2021), hospitals (Bourban, 2022) or trains (Monay, 2022). Also think of the ongoing debates about the wearing of face masks on public transport and other spaces of togetherness and micro-movements (Zhang and Zhai, 2022), and consider the discussions about the future usefulness of the materials deployed and lessons learnt from the access-control and social-distancing measures that created a patchwork of more or less hermetically enclosed and internally redesigned “bubbles of shared breathing” through which and in which movement was allowed to happen during the COVID years (Jubin, 2022; Lee and Eom, 2023). These examples reiterate the aerial sensitivity that remains from the fight against COVID-19. Thus if we are to understand and question the legacies of the fight against COVID-19, such is my basic argument, the question of the air must be placed centre stage. More specifically, based on examples taken from Switzerland, the paper offers an exploratory analysis of how the fight against COVID affected the societal relevance of the air, in its (1) elemental, (2) embodied, (3) affective, (4) socio-technical and (5) power-related dimensions. Together, these levels highlight that the fight against COVID-19 increased the air's relevance as a focal point of societal concern and judgement and of competition and dispute, which in turn produced novel ways of ordering the air through legally, practically and materially defined geometries, internal structures, and contours. As the paper shows, these geometries of the air were and still are socio-politically produced in highly unequal ways. To date, they remain inherently pluralistic and as such fundamentally conflictual. The aerial legacies of COVID-19 are invested by various power relations that need critical attention.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Une production céréalière sans produits phytosanitaires : quels freins et quels moteurs ? Le cas d’IP-Suisse.
    (2024-02)
    Jeanneret, Nastasia
    ;
    Les produits phytosanitaires (PPS) ont fait l’objet d’un intérêt grandissant ces dernières années. Leurs impacts néfastes sur les sols, l’eau, la biodiversité, la santé humaine et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre étant désormais attestés, leur limitation est considérée comme importante dans le cadre d’une transition durable du système agricole. Fondée dans les années 90, IP-Suisse est une association de producteurs et un label de qualité, dont les céréales sont cultivées sans insecticides, ni fongicides, ni régulateurs de croissance. Récemment, le label a lancé un programme de production de céréales sans herbicides, soit entièrement exemptes de PPS. Ce travail mobilise le cadre analytique du multi-level perspective (MLP) développé par la recherche des transitions durables afin d’analyser les freins et les moteurs entourant cet arrêt des PPS par des producteurs IP-Suisse. Le concept de régime est utilisé pour étudier les freins d’arrêt des PPS expérimentés par des agriculteurs et le concept de niche pour analyser les apports du label IP-Suisse, afin de surmonter ces blocages. L’étude se base sur des entretiens réseaux, menés durant l’été 2023 avec cinq producteurs de céréales IP-Suisse et un représentant du label. Les résultats montrent que l’arrêt des PPS se frottent à des enjeux sociaux, idéologiques et de productivité. Ainsi, il est conclu que seule une réduction sociale, productive et pragmatique des PPS est acceptable pour les agriculteurs rencontrés. L’analyse montre également que le label IP-Suisse dépasse certains blocages à l’arrêt des PPS, notamment en faisant évoluer les règles formelles et normatives, tout en surmontant les conditions de productivité et de pragmatisme posées par les agriculteurs. Par ailleurs, ce travail confirme la pertinence des adaptations du MLP, suggérant de dépasser l’idée d’une niche technologie héroïne et celle d’un renversement révolutionnaire du régime. Enfin, cette recherche invite à inclure systématique dans la définition de la durabilité les dimensions sociales et économiques, qui ne sont rien d’autre que les conditions de mise en oeuvre de la transition écologique par les agriculteurs.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Autour de la Suisse en 30 lieux inattendus
    (Lausanne : Helvetiq, 2023) ;
    Sara Landolt
    ;
    MĂĽller, Martin
    ;